Multi-Tenant Architecture: 3 Isolation Patterns

System Design diagram · made in Skemio

Architecture diagram comparing three multi-tenant patterns: shared tables with tenant ID, separate database schemas, and dedicated database instances.

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What it shows

Shared Tables: cheapest hosting, but requires strict tenant_id filtering.
Separate Schemas: balanced cost and isolation with clean logical namespaces.
Dedicated DB: maximum security and compliance, highest infrastructure cost.

The takeaway

Pool free and low-tier tenants in shared tables, but isolate enterprise clients in dedicated DBs.

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